Efecto del secado con aire caliente en la humedad libre y el contenido de fenólicos totales de tres morfotipos de mashua (Tropaelum tuberosum Ruíz y Pav.)
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Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz & Pav. (mashua) es un tubérculo cultivado en zonas altoandinas como Huancavelica, con uso tradicional en la alimentación y potencial funcional por su contenido de compuestos bioactivos. Debido a su corta vida útil en fresco, se requiere su conservación. El secado por aire caliente, alternativa al secado solar, puede afectar la estabilidad de estos compuestos según la temperatura aplicada. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura (50, 60, 70 y 80 °C) de secado con aire caliente en la humedad libre (Y) y el contenido de fenólicos totales (CFT) en tres morfotipos de mashua (Zapallo, Sangre de Cristo y Negra). Los tubérculos fueron lavados, desinfectados con hipoclorito de sodio (50 ppm), cortados (2,5 mm), y secados (150 g) durante 16 h. La humedad libre se determinó en las muestras secas. Luego, se molieron (partículas < 850 μm) y se prepararon extractos (metanol al 80 %, 50 mg/mL) para la determinación del CFT. La temperatura de secado influyó significativamente (p < 0,05) en el CFT, a medida que se incrementó de 50 a 80 °C, y no influencio en la Y. El CFT variaron de 1608 ± 80,22 a 2069 ± 82,01, 1732 ± 59,43 a 2069 ± 30,32 y 5286 ± 143,74 a 7929 ± 120,48 mg equivalente de ácido gálico/100 g mashua seca para la Zapallo, Sangre de Cristo y Negra, respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que el secado con aire caliente a 60 °C puede ser usado para obtener mashua seca de la variedad Sangre de Cristo y Negra con mayor CFT, mientras que a 80 °C se preserva mejor el CFT para la variedad Zapallo.
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