Asociación entre la microbiota intestinal humana y la obesidad según el Índice de Masa Corporal
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Aug 1, 2024
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Microbiota intestinal, obesidad, IMC.
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La investigación en la microbiota intestinal como una herramienta para abordar la obesidad es un campo prometedor. La influencia de la microbiota en el sistema endocrino y el metabolismo del huésped es crucial para entender cómo esta puede afectar el peso corporal. Para esta revisión, se emplearon palabras clave relevantes como “microbiota intestinal y obesidad”, “microbiota intestinal e IMC” y “composición de microbiota intestinal” en la búsqueda de artículos. Se identificaron 50 artículos en inglés y español, de los cuales se seleccionaron 15 que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los estudios comparativos que analizan la microbiota intestinal en grupos de individuos de diferentes regiones del mundo, según su clasificación de IMC, son especialmente valiosos. La tecnología de secuenciación del ARNr 16S, basada en el análisis de muestras fecales, ha demostrado consistentemente una asociación significativa entre la composición de la microbiota intestinal y el IMC. Aunque aún no se han identificado bacterias específicas que contribuyan directamente a la obesidad, se han observado ciertos tipos predominantes en poblaciones con esta condición. Es importante destacar que los tipos de bacterias asociadas con la obesidad pueden variar entre estudios, aunque se pueden identificar patrones predominantes en cada clasificación de IMC, particularmente entre individuos delgados y obesos. En el contexto peruano, la carencia de estudios sobre la asociación entre la composición del microbioma intestinal y la obesidad representa una oportunidad significativa. Investigaciones futuras en Perú podrían proporcionar datos fundamentales para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad en la población local.
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Valdivia, A. V., Sanchez, S. Z., & Flores-León, D. (2024). Asociación entre la microbiota intestinal humana y la obesidad según el Índice de Masa Corporal. Revista De Investigaciones De La Universidad Le Cordon Bleu, 11(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.36955/RIULCB.2024v11n2.008
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Basain, J., Valdés, C., Miyar, E., Linares, H., y Martínez, A. (2015). Alteraciones en el microbiota intestinal por la dieta y su repercusión en la génesis de la obesidad. MEDISAN. 19(12): 1536-1546. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192015001200013&lng=es.
Borgo, F., Garbossa, S., Riva, A., Severgnini, M., Luigiano, C., Benetti, A., Pontriroli, A., Morace, G., y Borghi, E. (2018). Body mass index and sex affect diverse microbial niches within the gut. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00213
Chávez-Carbajal, A., Nirmalkar, K., Pérez-Lizaur, A., Hernández-Quiroz, F., Ramírez-del-Alto, S., García-Mena, J., y Hernández-Guerrero, C. (2019). Gut Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways in a Sample of Mexican Women Affected by Obesity and Obesity Plus Metabolic Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20(2):438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020438
Chen, J., Ryu, E., Hathcock, M., Ballman, K., Chia, N., Olson, J., y Nelson, H. (2016). Impact of demographics on human gut microbial diversity in a US Midwest population. PeerJ 4: e1514 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1514
Ching-Hung, T., y Chun-Ying, W. (2019). The gut microbiome in obesity. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 118 (1) S3-S9
Davis, J., Collier, F., Mohebbi, M., Stuart, A., Loughman, A., Pasco, J., y Jacka, F. (2020). Obesity, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Proton Pump inhibitors: Is there a link? Obesity Research and Clinical Practice. 14(6):524–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2020.10.006
Duan, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Zou, R., Guo, M., y Zheng, H. (2021). Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with obesity. PLOS ONE. 16(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255446
Ettehad, F., Moshiri, A., Sadat, M., Riazi, S., Taati, M., Sadati, S., Ghaheri, A., Masoomi, M., Vaziri, F., Fatet, A., Rohani, P., Tarashi, S., Masotti, A., Badi, S., y Siadat, S. (2020). The first report of differences in gut microbiota composition between obese and normal weight Iranian subjects. Iranian Biomedical Journal. 24(3):148–54. https://doi.org/10.29252/ibj.24.3.148
Gao X, Zhang M, Xue J, Huang J, Zhuang R, Zhou X, Zhang, H., Fu, Q., y Hao, Y. (2018). Body mass index differences in the gut microbiota are gender specific. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01250 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664618304376?via%3Dihub#bib9
Jinatham, V., Kullawong, N., Kespechara, K., Gentekaki, E., y Popluechai, S. (2018). Comparison of gut microbiota between lean and obese adult Thai individuals. Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters. 46(3):277–87. https://doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1711.11003
John, G., y Mullin, G. (2016). The Gut Microbiome and Obesity. Current Oncology Reports. 18(45). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-016-0528-7
Junjie, Q., Ruiqiang, L., Jeroen, R., Manimozhiyan, A., Kristoffer, S., Chaysavanh, M., Trine N., Nicolas, P., Levenez, F., Takuji Y., Mende, D., Junhua, L., Junming, X., Shaochuan, L., Dongfang, L., Jianjun, C., Bo, W., Huiqing, L., Huisong, Z … Wang, J. (2010). A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 464(7285): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821
Kaplan, R., Wang, Z., Usyk, M., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Daviglus, M., Schneiderman, N., Gregory, A., Talavera, M., Gellman, B., Jee-Young M., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., McDonald, D., Williams-Nguyen, J., Wu, M., North, K., Shaffer, J., Christopher, C., Qibin, S., Isasi, C. … Burk, R. (2019). Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study/study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity. Genome Biology. 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1831-z
Koliada, A., Syzenko, G., Moseiko, V., Budovska, L., Puchkov, K., Perederiy, V., Gavalko, Y., Dorofeyev, A., Romanenko, M., Tkach, S., Sineok, L., Lushchak, O., y Vaiserman, A. (2017). Association between body mass index and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in an adult Ukrainian population. BMC Microbiology. 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-017-1027-1
Lv, Y., Qin, X., Jia, H., Chen, S., Sun, W., y Wang, X. (2019). The association between gut microbiota composition and BMI in Chinese male college students, as analysed by next-generation sequencing. British Journal of Nutrition. 122(9), 986–995. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519001909
Oduaran, O., Tamburini, F., Sahibdeen, V., Brewster, R., Gómez-Olivé, F., Kahn, K. A., Norris, S. M., Tollman, R., Twine, A. N., Wade, R. G., Wagner, Z., Lombard, A., y Hazelhurst, S. (2020). Gut microbiome profiling of a rural and urban South African cohort reveals biomarkers of a population in lifestyle transition. BMC Microbiology. 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02017-w
Org, E., Blum, Y., Kasela, S., Mehrabian, M., Kuusisto, J., Kangas, A.J., Pasi, S., Zeneng, W., Ala-Korpela, S., Markku, L., y Aldons, J. (2017). Relationships between gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and metabolic syndrome traits in the METSIM cohort. Genome Biology. 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1194-2
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). The Heavy Burden of Obesity: The Economics of Prevention, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/67450d67
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2020). Obesidad. https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1
Organización Mundial de La Salud. (2022). A different scale: Global action to address obesity. https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/05/24/default-calendar/a-different-scale-global-action-to-address-obesity
Palmas, V., Pisanu, S., Madau, V., Casula, E., Deledda, A., Cusano, R., Uva, S., Vascellari, A., Loviselli, A., Manzin, A., y Velluzzi, F. (2021). Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults. Scientific Reports. 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w
Pinart, M., Dötsch, A., Schlicht, K., Laudes, M., Bouwman, J., Forslund, S.K., Pischon, T., y Nimptsch, K. (2022). Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 14 (12). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010012
Rubio, S., Pacheco-Orozco, R. A., Gómez, A. M., Perdomo, S., y García-Robles, R. (2020). Secuenciación de Nueva Generación (NGS) de adn: Presente y futuro en la práctica clínica. Universitas Médica.61(2). https:// doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed61-2.sngs
Salah, M., Azab, M., Ramadan, A., y Hanora, A. (2019). New insights on obesity and diabetes from gut microbiome alterations in Egyptian adults. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology. 23(10):477–85. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2019.0063
Yun, Y., Kim, H., Kim, S. E., Heo, S. G., Chang, Y., Ryu, S., Shin, H., y Hyung-Lae, K. (2017). Comparative analysis of gut microbiota associated with body mass index in a large Korean cohort. BMC Microbiology. 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-017-1052-0