Sustrato de fibra de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) e hidrogel para Aptenia cordifolia
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La valorización de residuos agrícolas mediante su uso en soluciones paisajísticas sostenibles representa una alternativa viable frente a la creciente generación de residuos orgánicos. El presente estudio evaluó el desempeño de la fibra de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) como componente de sustratos en techos verdes extensivos, así como la incorporación de poliacrilato de potasio como hidrogel retenedor de humedad. Se empleó un diseño en parcelas divididas con ocho tratamientos resultantes de la combinación de dos tipos de sustrato (uno con 60 % de fibra de palma + 40 % compost, y otro con cascarilla de arroz, arena y compost) y cuatro niveles de poliacrilato (0, 100, 150 y 200 g/m²). Se evaluaron variables morfofisiológicas en Aptenia cordifolia durante 10 semanas. Los resultados muestran que ambos sustratos son adecuados para el establecimiento de cubresuelos ornamentales; el sustrato con fibra de palma presentó una densidad aparente significativamente menor (0,22 g/cm³), una ventaja crucial para la carga estructural en techos verdes, junto con mayor porosidad y capacidad de retención de agua. La adición de poliacrilato no mostró efectos estadísticos significativos como factor individual, sin embargo, evidenció una interacción positiva al combinarse con el sustrato a base de fibra de palma, lo que resultó en una mejora de la retención hídrica. Se concluye que la fibra de palma aceitera posee un alto potencial como componente de sustratos alternativos en techos verdes extensivos, validando su uso en infraestructura verde urbana para mitigar el efecto de isla de calor.
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